See bernu on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "berne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with beron",
"baroun"
],
"word": "barn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "man, hero, warrior",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "berne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with beron",
"baroun"
],
"word": "barn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "biorn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*bern"
},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*bern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bjǫrn",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bernuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bernuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bear"
},
"expansion": "“bear”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "man, warrior"
},
"expansion": "“man, warrior”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "jǫfurr",
"t": "prince, monarch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse jǫfurr (“prince, monarch”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*eburaz",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *eburaz (“boar”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be cognate with Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”), from Proto-Germanic *bernuz. For the semantic shift from “bear” to “man, warrior”, compare Old Norse jǫfurr (“prince, monarch”), from Proto-Germanic *eburaz (“boar”). See also *barō (“man”), *barn (“child”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*bernu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bernu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"id": "en-bernu-gmw-pro-noun-SLZ24rEH",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hero, warrior"
],
"id": "en-bernu-gmw-pro-noun-sTkd2EL5",
"links": [
[
"hero",
"hero"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bernu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "berne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with beron",
"baroun"
],
"word": "barn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "man, hero, warrior",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "berne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "beren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "(English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "baron"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beirn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with beron",
"baroun"
],
"word": "barn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "biorn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*bern"
},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*bern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bjǫrn",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bernuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bernuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bear"
},
"expansion": "“bear”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "man, warrior"
},
"expansion": "“man, warrior”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "jǫfurr",
"t": "prince, monarch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse jǫfurr (“prince, monarch”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*eburaz",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *eburaz (“boar”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suggested to be cognate with Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”), from Proto-Germanic *bernuz. For the semantic shift from “bear” to “man, warrior”, compare Old Norse jǫfurr (“prince, monarch”), from Proto-Germanic *eburaz (“boar”). See also *barō (“man”), *barn (“child”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birniwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*bernu m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bernu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hero, warrior"
],
"links": [
[
"hero",
"hero"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bernu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bernu meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.